The extra "5" difference....190/55 vs. 190/50 is not MM it is the aspect ratio of the tire. A 190/50 means that the height of the tire is equal to 50% of the width....so 190 x .50 is 95mm from the rim to the ground 190 x .55 = 104.5mm a difference of 9.5mm.
190/50 is 95mm tall
190/55 is 104.5mm tall
The 50 series is more " U " shaped and the 55 is more of a " V "
being that the 55 series is taller and has the same width, the contact patch is larger providing more grip when leaned over...also turn in is easier because the 50 has to roll over to the edge vs. the 55 which is more of a drop down to the edge because of it being taller.
I don't have the exact # but the taller 55 series will add 2-3 more MPH to your top end....on the track I don't usually get over 150 or 155. I have had them to 170-175 and there isn't any problems with stability.
The height can also have an effect on your gearing, same as if you had a 42 rear sprocket and went to a 41....not a big deal on the street....on the tracks that I've been to there is always at least 1 turn where your gear selection, entry speed, and engine RPM need to be right so you get the best drive out of the turn. The extra grip by far out weighs any worries of a gear change.
For track days and hittin the twisties the 55 is the BEST way to go....this is why you hear people using 180's instead of 190's....it's a 180/55 vs. a 190/50....the 180/55 has a larger contact patch than the 190/50 and it turns in easier.