Okay Comrades, the question was:
What are the advantages (If any) of using a 190/55/17 over the OEM 190/50/17?
So now the time has come to open the envelope and the answer is,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NONE!
Yep, there are no clear advantages to the 55 series tire. Oh there is a few pounds of increased load carrying capacity and it does indeed raise the rear slightly but you can acomplish the same results with a couple turns on the shock preload. It gears the bike slightly higher but you can do that with a change of sprockets. So the 55 series tire really doesn't do anything for us that we can't accomplish through other means.
So now you ask, "Well, if there is no real advantage, why do they bother making this tire"? If you are a track junky or a hard core racer where a tenth of a second per lap is the difference in whether you are the first or second man to pass the checkered flag, there is some advantages to the taller tire. It relates to swing arm angle. To us flunkies who only wish we could ride like Matt MLadden swing arm angle is of little importance but you can bet your sweet bippy it can mean the difference in winning and loosing to Mladden.
When you add a set of Soupy's dog bones to lift the rear a full one inch, it changes the angle of the swing arm. Now you have changed the angle of the chain pull. This is especially important to big HP bikes. The angle of the swing arm controls squat. To much squat and the bike runs wide, to little squat causes the rear to spin up prematurely.
This is of such importance to racers that some bikes (Including the GSXR1K) have adjustable bushing to assist in solving this problem. The adjustable bushings allows the swingarm pivot point to be raised or lowered in order to adjust swing arm angle.
So to us everyday folks, it's simply a matter of choice, not performance!