What religion is the Government establishing by having the 10 Commandments in a Federal building?
I guess its been long enough to allow those who wanted to respond. The answer is none.
Establishment of as defined in the Constitution requires the passing of a law which has not been done. However, we have been told in this thread that the words written in the Constitution can't be used to determine whether something is Constitutional or not, and that any promotion of a religion is sufficient to define establishment based on some recent court rulings. BTW, the definition by court ruling keeps changing because folks don't think the actual text of the Constitution needs ot be taken into consideration.
moloco makes many excellent points regarding when some of the expansion of "promoting" religion happened. Promotion of religion did, however, start with the first founding documents of this country and the republic for which it stands. God was written into the Declaration of Independence and the constitution was "Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven".
In the Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet, 512 U.S. 687 (1994), Justice David Souter, writing for the majority, concluded that "government should not prefer one religion to another, or religion to irreligion." So that brings us back to the 10 Commandments displayed in or on Federal buildings. It may be the promotion of religion in general. However, general promotion of religion isn't preferring one religion to another.
As moloco pointed out, the 10 Commandments are part of the Jewish and Christian religions, so which of those are we promoting? Let's add little more confusion to the argument. Moses is one of the prophets of Islam. Moses receiving the 10 Commandments from Alla is part of their religion as well. So are we promoting the Jewish, Christian, or Muslin religion? Since there are slight variations in the wording when translated, one could argue that picking a selected translation would be promoting that specific religion over the others. Within the Christian religion, there are several versions of the 10 Commandments as well, so would we be promoting Catholicism over Baptism? How many people can look at the 10 Commandments on a wall somewhere and identify which religion or version is being displayed?
moloco, in response to "Religion has always been involved very heavily in politics, and it's been a huge downfall to civilization." That is not entirely correct. As James Madison wrote in his papers prior to authoring the Constitution,
intollerance of religion is one of the major causes of the fall of the prior republics. It is intollerance that leads to division, warfair, and demise. Not just the intollerance of those who believe to those who don't, but intollerance of one religion by another. Muslems and Jews today are an excellent example of the latter.
Personally, if a new Courthouse was build in my neighborhood, it wouldn't matter to me whether the 10 Commandments were on the wall or not. My concern with this topic is not with regard to strenthening my religion, and I definately don't want our Government involved in the business of religion. I do care about our rights continually being diluted by political correctness and special interests.