Fort Ross State Historic Park
Fort Ross State Historic Park (20 miles north of Bodega Bay) is a worthy stop for riders seeking a dose of local history. The fort is reconstructed atop the original site, active from 1812 to 1842. Predating the 1849 Gold Rush, it was built by Russian fur traders making their way down the West Coast of North America while the Spanish worked their way northward along the inland California Coastline, establishing the Mission System. The Russian expansion down the coast of North America also mirrored European expansion down the coast of Africa and to the Far East during the same time period.
By 1812, Ivan Kuskov arrived in the present-day Sonoma County region with 25 Russians, many skilled craftsmen and 80 Native Alaskans known as Aleuts. The Aleuts brought with them forty baidarkas, a fast-maneuverable ocean kayak made with animal skins for use in hunting. The tradesmen began building a fort to serve as a base for collecting sea otter pelts. The Russians also attempted farming and ship building, but were overall unsuccessful at either activity.
By the early 1800s, Russian fur trading companies were exporting an average of 62,000 fur pelts from North America back to Russia, 80% of which were seals. The Aleuts paddled in their sea kayaks as far south as the Farallon Islands 30 miles off the coast of San Francisco and lived in crude settlements on the Farallon Island from 1812 to 1840 while they hunted. By 1817, the sea otter populations were depleted by international over hunting.
Farming & ranching began to replace hunting. Orchards containing fruit-bearing trees still remain today about a mile from the fort. Animal stock was obtained from the Spanish and ranching proved to be more successful than farming, which was primary wheat. During the later years of the colony, animal stock expanded to 1700 head of cattle, nearly 1000 horses and 1000 sheep were in possession of the Russians.
By the 1840s, the fort was no longer needed to supply food to the Alaskan colonies, and the Russians were looking to sell. They sold the fort to John Sutter on credit for $30,000 in 1841. John Sutter built what today is known as
Sutters Fort in 1840 in present-day downtown Sacramento. John Sutter is also credited along with James Marshall for discovering gold in Coloma in the tail race of the saw mill he and Marshall were building north of Placerville which set off the 1849 Gold Rush.